MARTINDALE'S

CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER


ENGINEERING CENTER


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CENTER: A-L

(Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets,
and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals,
Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)


US/Pacific: Saturday, March 20, 2010
Sydney, Australia: Sunday, March 21, 2010

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Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains
over "23,825" Calculators & Spreadsheets,
over "3,835" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks,
& "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CENTER: A-L


Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc.


Bearings, Rolling Bearings, Plain Bearings, etc.


Bolts, Nuts & Fasterners ~ Calipers


Compressors ~ Corrosion


Design and Manufacturing ~ Drills & Bits ~ Elevators/Escalators


Gas Combustion, Gas Ignition, Natural Gas Compressibility, Gas Mixtures, etc.


Generators ~ Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)


Horology, Watchmaking & Clockmaking ~ Hydraulics ~ Laser Drilling


Linkage/Mechanism Design & Analysis


Lubricants, Tribology, Particle Transport, Deposition & Removal


Mechanical Engineering By Subject: M-R

Mechanical Engineering By Subject: S-Z


Engineering Center


Calculators On-Line Center








Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc.



Archery - Arrow Mechanics & Ballistics (All Inclusive)


Arrow Penetration ~ Arrow Selectors ~ Kenetic Energy ~ Shaft


Gun, Rifle, Shotgun, etc. Ballistics (All Inclusive)


Ballistics Coefficient ~ Bullet Penetration ~ Handloading


Recoil ~ Scopes ~ Shotgun Pattern Density


Shotgun Recoil Energy, Impulse & Velocity


Sight Height Calculation Videos for Rifles & Pistols


Trapshooting & Skeet




    Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc. Lectures, Calculators, Spreadsheets, Simulations, etc.


      ARCHERY: ARCHERY MECHANICS, BALLISTICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, TEXTBOOKS, ETC.



      ARCHERY: ARROW PENETRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, LECTURES, LESSONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC.

        ARROW PENETRATION CALCULATOR - Bow Mechanics and Arrow Flight, J. Tapley VERY EXTENSIVE.
        The four major factors that influence penetration are
          "...Kinetic Energy, Broadhead Type, Friction, and Arrow Construction/Flight. Each work in concert, and one can sometimes influence one or more of the others..."
          "...Kinetic Energy, which is commonly abbreviated as 'KE,' is the determining factor when it comes to penetration. The other factors play a part, certainly, but no where near to the extent that KE does. If you have enough KE, you can almost (but not quite) forget about the other factors..."
        Arrow Penetration Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...How much do your arrows weigh in grains;
          How fast (in feet per second) are your arrows..."
        For more information see Bowsite.com





      ARROW SELECTORS



      ARCHERY: KENETIC ENERGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS



      ARCHERY: SHAFT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        SHAFT SELECTOR - Beman USA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Shaft Selector INPUT Values include:
          Select Cam Type
            "...Single or Hard Cam; Medium Cam; Recurve Bow..."
          Select Draw Weight
            "...22-26 to 85-90..."
          Select Arrow Length
            "...23" thru 33"..."
        For more information see Beman USA




      GUN, RIFLE, SHOTGUN, ETC. BALLISTICS CALCULATORS, FORMULAS, TOOLS, GUIDES, ETC.

        GUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS,

        RIFLE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        SHOTGUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        JBM SMALL ARMS BALLISTICS CALCULATORS - J.B. Millard, Las Cruces, New Mexico VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Examples of "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include
          "...Ballistic Coefficients (Time) Calculator;
          Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator;
          Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator;
          Drag Function Conversion Calculator;
          Maximum Distance Calculator;
          Modified Point Mass Trajectory Calculator;
          Bower Factor Calculator;
          Recoil Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see Brad Millard's Home Page

          Examples from over "10" "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include

            Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator
            Ballistic Coefficients Calculator
              "...finds the ballistic coefficient of a bullet fired over a known distance..."
            Ballistic Coefficients Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Near Velocity; Far Velocity; Distance; Drag Function;
              Temperature; Pressure; Relative Humidity; Altitude; ..."

            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator
            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator
              "...provides the bullet drag and stability (not Greenhill's formula) based on bullet dimensions..."
            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Caliber; Nose Length; Meplat Diameter; Ogive Radius;
              Nose Type; Boattail Length; Base Diameter; Total Length;
              Rotating Band Diameter; Weight; etc..."

            Trajectory Calculator
            Trajectory Calculator
              "...Calculate a trajectory from bullet, velocity, firearm and atmospheric parameters..."
            Trajectory Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Select bullet or enter Ballistic Coefficient and Bullet Weight;
              Caliber; Muzzle Velocity; Chronograph Distance; Sight Height;
              Sight Offset; Zero Height; Zero Offset; Azimuth; Elevation;
              LOS Angle; Cant Angle; Wind Speed; Wind Angle;
              Target Speed; Target Angle; etc..."



        BALLISTIC FORMULAS & TOOLS IN JAVA: ENGLISH & METRIC - Welcome to Alligators, Z. Jakhua VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Welcome to Alligators

          Examples of Ballistic Calculators include:

        BALLISTICIAN'S CORNER - CALCULATORS - Beartooth Bullets VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Ballistician's Corner
          "...A comprehensive collection of interactive, online ballistics calculators! Exterior Ballistics, Recoil Calculator, Wound Channel Calculator, Stopping Power Calculators (mutiple), Round Ball Weight Calculator, Powder Calculators, and more! A one-stop resource for your technical ballistic data needs..."
        Ballistics Calculators include:
          "...Permanent Wound Channel Calculator;
          Relative Penetration Calculator;
          Thornily Relative Stopping Power Calculator;
          Taylor Knock Out Power Calculator;
          Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator;
          Recoil Calculator;
          Ballistic Coefficient (BC) Calculator;
          External Ballistics Calculator;
          Loads per Pound of Powder Calculator;
          Sectional Density Calculator;
          Cost per Load/Box Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see Beartooth Bullets

          Some examples from over "14" Ballistics Calculators include

            Relative Penetration Calculator
            Relative Penetration Calculator
              "...Generates the relative penetration index for any given bullet. Calculates based on bullet weight and Meplat or fronal area of the bullet..."

            Thornily Stopping Power Calculator
            Thornily Stopping Power Calculator
              "...calculates via a relative stopping power quotient the amount of gun and load necessary..."

            Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator
            Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator
              "...Figure foot-pounds energy of a load..."

            Recoil Calculator
            Recoil Calculator
              "...figures the velocity in fps of how fast the gun comes back at you, as well as how many foot-pounds are traveling with it..."



        BALLISTIC CALCULATOR - Handloads.com VERY EXTENSIVE.
          Ballistic Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Velocity; Bullet Weight; Sight in at; Ball Coefficient;
            Sight Height: Intervals; Maximum Range;
            Muzzle Elevation; Degrees; Temperature; Altitude;
            Wind Miles per Hour; Wind Direction..."
          Ballistic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
            "...Range; Remaining Velocity; Total Drop;
            Point of Impact in Relation to Aiming Point; Time of Flight;
            Remaining Energy in Foot Pounds; Wind Drift;..."
        For more information see Handloads.com



        BALLISTIC SIMULATOR - S. Russell, A. Hulse & G. Bothun, University of Oregon
        Ballistic Simulator is designed to
          "...measure the relation between muzzle velocity (which determines projectile energy), gravitational potential and the effects of frictional drag caused by wind speed blowing opposite to the direction the projectile is moving in..."
        For more information see the Virtual Laboratory




      BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      BULLET PENETRATION CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.

        BULLET PENETRATION CALCULATOR - Beartooth Bullets VERY EXTENSIVE
        Bullet Penetration Calculator
          "...generates a relative penetration index for any given bullet. It derives it's information based on the bullet's weight and frontal area of the nose. The index number generated does not represent inches of penetration, but rather provides a very precise tool for comparing the penetration potential of any two non-expanding bullets. To utilize this tool for expanding bullets, you must first determine the anticipated diameter of the bullet after expansion..."
        For more information see Ballistician's Corner - Calculators or Beartooth Bullets





      HANDLOADING CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      RECOIL CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      SCOPE CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.

        BORE SCOPE OFFSET CALCULATOR - R.W. Wilson
        Using the Bore Scope Offset Calculator
          "...At the desired borescope sighting distance, align the bore of the rifle with the center of a target. Now adjust the scope such that it is aimed at a point "X" inches below the center of the target..."
        Bore Scope Offset Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Scope Height; Bullet Mass; Bullet Ballistic Coefficient;
          Muzzle Velocity; Distance at which you want the Gun Zeroed;
          Distance at which you are Bore Sighting the Gun;..."
        For more information see the My Shareware or R.W. Wilson's Home Page





      SHOTGUN PATTERN DENSITY CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.

        SHOTGUN PATTERN DENSITY CALCULATOR - The Twisted Key Websites
        Shotgun Pattern Density Calculator
          "...estimates how many pellets will be in a 30" circle at various ranges depending on the size of the shot, the size of the load, and the constriction of the choke. This is valuable to understand the effects of shotgun patterning with various choke constrictions and the density of shot patterns for various loads..."
        Shotgun Pattern Density Calculator INPUT Values include:
          Shot Size (Number 2 thru 9);
          Load Size (1/2 Ounze to 2 Ounzes);
          Choke
            "...Cylinder; Sheet; Improved Cylinder; Modified; Improved Modified; etc..."
        Shotgun Pattern Density Calculator OUTPUT values include:
          Pattern Density at
            "...20 Yards; 25 Yards; 30 Yards; 40 Yards; 45 Yards; etc..."
        For more information see Calculators or the The Twisted Key Websites





      SHOTGUN RECOIL ENERGY CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      SIGHT HEIGHT CALCULATION VIDEOS

        SIGHT HEIGHT CALCULATION VIDEOS - Brownells, Inc. Multimedia Sight Height Calculation Video Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
        Examples of "Sight Height Calculation Video Lessons include
          "...Measuring for Pistol Sights Video;
          Measuring Rifle Rear Sight Height Video;
          Measuring Rifle Front Sight Height Video;
          How to Quickly Measure Sight Heights Video; etc..."
        For more information see GunTech or Brownells, Inc.





      TRAPSHOOTING CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), DATABASES, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, ETC.

        SKEET SHOOTING CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), DATABASES, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, ETC.

        TRAPSHOOTING RELOADING COST CALCULATORS - Trapshooters.com VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculators include:
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Powder Cost; Pounds; How many grains in your Reload;
            Primer Cost; How many Primers; Wad Costs; How many Wads;
            Shot Cost; How Many Pounds; How Many Ounces in your Reload;
            Hull Costs; How many Hulls; etc..."
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator Advanced;
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator With Sample Data;
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator Advanced With Sample Data;..."
        For more information see Trapshooters.com







    Bearings, Rolling Bearings, Plain Bearings, etc.


      BEARING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS, GUIDES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ETC.

        BEARING CALCULATOR - Beemer Precision, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Bearing Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Bearing ID; OD; Housing Bore; Press Fit; Close In; ID After Install; Shaft Diameter; Clearance; OAL Length, etc..."
        For more information see Beemer Precision, Inc.



        BEARINGS (CALCULATORS) - SKF, Göteborg, Sweden Multimedia Technical Reports, Lessons, Guides, etc. for Rolling Bearings, Bearing Units, Bearing Housings, Plain Bearings, Industrial Shaft Seals, Hydraulic Seals, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Available in English, French, German, Japanese, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish & Russian.
        Click on "Calculations".
        Rolling Bearings
          "...To design a rolling bearing arrangement it is necessary:
            to select a suitable bearing type;
            to determine a suitable bearing size.
          Several other aspects have to be considered, such as:
            a suitable form and design of other components of the arrangement:
            appropriate fits and bearing internal clearance or preload;
            holding devices;
            adequate seals..."
        Rolling Bearings Calculators include:
          "...Bearing Life Calculator;
          Equivalent Bearing Loads and Basic Rating Life Calculator;
          Minimum Load Calculator;
          Viscosity Calculator;
          Dynamic Axial Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical Roller Bearings Calculator;
          Frictional Moment - Power Loss Calculator;
          Bearing Frequencies Calculator;
          CARB, Axial Displacement - Misalignment Calculator;
          CARB, Axial Displacement - Clearance Calculator;
          CARB, Space at the Sides of the Bearing Calculator;
          Shaft tolerances and resultant fits Calculator;
          SKF Bearing Select Calculator; etc..."
        Plain Bearings include:
          Spherical plain bearings and rod ends;
          Composite dry sliding bearings and FW bushings..."
        Plain Bearings Calculators include:
          "...Spherical Plain Bearings and Rod Ends - Basic Rating Service Life Calculator;
          Frictional Moment Calculator;
          Composite Dry Sliding Bearings - Basic Rating Service Life Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see SKF





    Bolts, Nuts, Screws & Fasterners


      BOLTS SCIENCE COURSES, LESSONS, ETC.

        BOLT SCIENCE - Bolt Science Limited, Lancashire, U.K. Multimedia Bolt Science Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Examples of "Bolt Science" Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. include
          "...Nuts & Bolts Glossary;
          Tutorial on the theory of Bolted Joints;
          Methods of Tightening Bolts;
          Bolt Tightening and Quality Control;
          Strength of Threaded Fasteners;
          Bolted Joints containing Gaskets;
          Short Bolting - Ensuring sufficient thread engagement; etc..."
        For more information see Bolt Science



      BOLTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS



      TORQUE CALCULATORS & APPLETS: FOR BOLTS, NUTS & FASTENERS



      Control & Measurement


        CONTROL SYSTEMS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC.



        CONTROL & MEASUREMENT CALCULATORS, COURSES, LECTURES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, DATABASES, ETC.

          CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS CALCULATORS & APPLETS

          MEASUREMENT & CONTROL COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, ETC.

          MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Omega Engineering Inc. Multimedia Measurement and Control of: Temperature; Pressure, Strain & Force; Flow & Level; pH & Conductivity; Electric Heaters and Data Aquisition Lessons, Glossaries, Databases, Calculators, etc. (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Examples of "Measurement and Control" Lessons, Databases & Calculators include
            Transactions in Measurement & Control Series:
              "...Non-Contact Temperature Measurement; Data Acquistion;
              Force Related Measurements; etc...."
            Temperature:
              "...Introduction to Thermocouples; Thermocouple Wire;
              Wire Color Codes and Limits of Error;
              Introduction to Temperature Controllers;
              Introduction to Temperature Measurement; etc..."
            Pressure, Strain and Force:
              "...Introduction to Accelerometers; Introduction to Load Cells;
              Introduction to Pressure Transducers; etc..."
            Flow and Level:
              "...Introduction to Rotameters; Introduction to Flow Meters;
              Liquid Flowmeters; etc..."
            Data Acquisition:
              "...Data Acquisition Knowledge Base;
              Introduction to Data Acquisition Systems;
              Introduction to Data Logging Systems; etc..."
          For more information see Omega Engineering Inc.





        CONTROL SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

          CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

          CONTROL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

          CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS - SoftIntegration, Inc. VERY VERY VERY.....EXTENSIVE.
          Control System Design and Analysis Calculators
            "...can be used for modeling, design, and analysis of continuous-time or discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) control systems..."
          Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with over "40" Calculators include:
            "...Time Domain Response Analysis Calculators;
            Frequency Domain Analysis Calculators;
            Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators;
            Model Reduction and Dynamics Calculators;
            Root Locus Design Calculators;
            Model Conversion Calculators;
            System Conversion Calculators;
            System Interconnection Calculators..."
          For more information see Web Services; Plotting and Scientific Numerical Computing; Numerical Computing or SoftIntegration, Inc.

            Some examples of Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with Calculators include

              Time-Domain Response Analysis Calculators
              "...The time-domain approach is a unified method for analyzing and designing systems modeled by either modern or classical approach..."

              Frequency-Domain Analysis Calculators
              "...The frequency response is the system's response to sinusoidal inputs. The output of a linear time-invariant system to a sinusoidal input is a sinusoid of the same frequency but with..."

              Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators
              "...The state-space method is the modern approach for control system design and analysis. The controllability and observability are important structural properties of a control system..."









    Gas Mixtures, Gas Dynamics, etc.



    Gas Conversions ~ Combustion Dynamics


    Gas Dynamics


    Gas Explosions ~ Gas Mixtures ~ Gas Saturation in Water


    Infra-Red Gas Radiation ~ Natural Gas Compressibility


    Natural Gas Ignition ~ Thermal Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions


    Thermochemical: Gas-Phase Molecules





        THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS: GAS-PHASE MOLECULES

          COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY COMPARISON AND BENCHMARK DATABASE (CCCBDB) - CALCULATED DATA - Computational Chemistry Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Thermochemical Database (Text, Images, Calculations, etc...). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database contains
            "...experimental and computational thermochemical data for a selected set of 631 gas-phase molecules. Tools for comparing experimental and computational ideal-gas thermochemical properties..."
          Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Calculated Data includes:
            Geometric Calculated Data
              "...Cartesians, bond lengths and angles;
              Rotation and Moments of Inertia;
              Bond orders from AIM analysis;
              Point Group for a given molecule at different levels of theory; etc..."
            Vibrations Calculated Data
              "...Vibrational frequencies;
              Vibrational frequencies, intensities and reduced masses;
              Compare reduced masses for a given vibrational mode;
              Bad Vibrational Frequency calculations; etc..."
            Entropies Calculated Data
              Entropies and Integrated Heat Capacities at any temperature using calculated data; etc..."
            Energetics Calculated Data
              Energies in hartrees;
              Barriers to Internal Rotation;
              Nuclear repulsion Energies; etc..."
            Electrostatics Calculated Data
              Atomic charges;
              Electric dipole moments;
              Polarizabilities; etc..."
            Compare Calculations
              "...Compare calculated bond lengths bond lengths;
              Compare calculated vibrational intensities vibrations;
              Compare energy difference of a single point calculation;
              Calculated properties for several species; etc..."
          For more information see Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmarks Database; Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL); NIST Online Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)





      Generators


        GENERATOR CALCULATORS & APPLETS: CURRENT CONSUMPTION & GENERATOR SIZING

          GENERATOR SIZING CALCULATOR - DynaTech Industries Ltd. VERY EXTENSIVE.
          Generator Sizing Calculator is
            "...designed to estimate the power consumption of a residence..."
          Examples include Power Consumption of:
            "...Refrigerators; Freezers; Electric Ranges w/Ovens; Microwave Ovens;
            Dish Washers; Coffee Makers; Well Pumps; Electric Water Heaters;
            Sump Pumps; etc..."
          For more information see DynaTech Industries





        POWER FOR TYPICAL CURRENT CONSUMPTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS



        POWER CALCULATORS & APPLETS

          POWER CALCULATORS - Macfarlane Generators, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE.
          Power Calculators include:
            "...Calculating Ampere (I), given kVA;
            Converting kVA to kW;
            Converting kW to kVA;
            Converting kW to HP
            What size Gen-set is needed to start a 3 phase electric motor Direct on Line (DOL) start Calculator;
            Generator Size to Start Motors..."
          For more information see Macfarlane Generators







    Heating,
    Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)



    HVAC Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.


    Fresh Air Heating & Cooling Loads


    Sheet Metal & Combustion Air Requirements


    Air Conditioning & AC Coils ~ Colling Towers, Hydronics, etc.


    Ducts, Air Ducts, Flow Rate & Differential Pressure
    Residential Duct Systems, Aerosol Duct Sealing


    Heating/BTU ~ Psychrometric ~ Ventilation Systems





        VENTILATION SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

          Residential Ventilation Analysis Programs

          RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION SIMULATION PROGRAM - Energy Performance of Buildings Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Residential Ventilation Simulation Program
            "...uses the knowledge and databases resident at LBNL to allow the user to calculate residential ventilation for any house in the United States. The user answers a few questions about the house of interest, its configuration, location, and air tightness as well as some economic data. Both infiltration and mechanical ventilation are considered and the program has dynamic defaults based on field measurements..."
          Residential Ventilation Calculator INPUT Values include:
            Closest Weather Station;
            House Description
              "...Wind Envrionment; House Configuration; Leakage Area; House Dimensions..."
            Ventilation Systems Costs
              "...Energy Prices; Heating System Type; Cooling System Type..."
          For more information see Residential Ventilation; Energy Performance of Buildings Group; Environmental Energy Technologies Division or Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL)



          Building Ventilation

          BUILDING VENTILATION CALCULATOR - Alpine Air
          Building Ventilation Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Building Dimensions (Length; Width & Height);
            Minutes Per Air Change..."
          Recommended Air Changes - Area to be Ventilated Chart includes:
            "...Assembly Halls; Auditoriums; Banks; Barns; Bowling Alleys;
            Churches; Clubs; Factories; Dining Rooms; Bars; Beauty Parlors;
            Dairies; Dry Cleaners; Bakeries; Boiler Rooms; Laundries;
            Attic Ventilation; etc..."
          For more information see Alpine Air



          CONVECTIVE FLOW DUE TO STACK EFFECT - CALCULATOR - Chuck Wright
          Convective Flow
            "...One way to ventilate a building that is hotter or colder on the inside than outside is to use what is known as 'stack effect'..."
            "...If there is an opening high in the building and another low in the building, a natural flow will be caused. If the air in the building is warmer than the outside, this warmer air will float out the top opening, being replaced with cooler air from outside..."
          Flow Rate Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Building Area;
            Height difference between the top and bottom openings;
            Indoor Temperature;
            Outdoor Temperature..."
          For more information see Calculators or Chuck Wright's Home Page



          Attic Ventilation

          ATTIC VENTILATION CALCULATOR - Renovation Experts
          Attic Ventilation Calculator
            "...Professional roofers use a standard calculation based on the square footage of your attic space. This includes any area over garages etc., as this area also needs ventilation...get an idea how much ventilation your roof will require. The estimate provided is only a guideline..."
            Attic Ventilation Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Width & Length for Gable Roofs; Hip Roofs; Flat Roofs or Barn Roofs..."
            Attic Ventilation Calculator OUTPUT Values include:
              "...Intake Ventilation required;
              Exhaust Ventilation Required;
              Total Estimated Ventilation Required..."
          For more information see Renovation Experts



          VENTILATION CALCULATOR - Duraflo, a division of Canplas Industries Ltd
          Ventilation Calculator
            "...will determine the number of square inches of NET FREE AREA required for adequate attic ventilation based on the 1/300th general requirement..."
          For more information see Roofing Ventilation; Duraflo



          Mechanically & Naturally Ventilated Buildings Impact Pollution Models

          MECHANICALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS - IMPACT POLUTION MODEL - UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London (UCL), London, England, U.K. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Available in English & Polish/Polski.
          Mechanically Ventilated Buildings: Impact Polution Model
            "...assumes that outdoor pollutants, as trace gases in the air, enter a building through the ventilation system and by infiltration through cracks, crevices, window openings..."
            "...As well as providing an estimate of the indoor pollutant concentration that objects are exposed to, the IMPACT software can help understand how well a particular building controls air pollution, and how it could be improved. Both naturally ventilated and mechanically ventilated buildings can be studied.The IMPACT model will also give an indication of the interior surfaces on which pollutants are reacting - which materials are reactive, which are inert...."
          Inpact Pollution Model for Mechanically Ventilated Buildings Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Pollutant; Indoor Temperature; Realative Humidity; Air Intake;
            Filter Efficiency; Porportion of Fresh Air; Infiltration;
            Building Pramenters
              "...Internal Volume, Wall Materials, Ceiling Materials, Surfaces, etc...."
          For more information see the IMPACT project or the UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage



          NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS - IMPACT POLUTION MODEL - UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London (UCL), London, England, U.K. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          Available in English & Polish/Polski.
          Naturally Ventilated Buildings: Impact Polution Model
            "...assumes that outdoor pollutants, as trace gases in the air, enter a building through the ventilation system and by infiltration through cracks, crevices, window openings..."
            "...As well as providing an estimate of the indoor pollutant concentration that objects are exposed to, the IMPACT software can help understand how well a particular building controls air pollution, and how it could be improved. Both naturally ventilated and mechanically ventilated buildings can be studied.The IMPACT model will also give an indication of the interior surfaces on which pollutants are reacting - which materials are reactive, which are inert...."
          Inpact Pollution Model for Naturally Ventilated Buildings Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Pollutant; Indoor Temperature; Realative Humidity; Air Changes;
            Estimate Air Changes from Temperature and Windspeed; Outdoor Temperatue;
            Wind Speed;
            Building Pramenters
              (Internal Volume, Wall Materials, Ceiling Materials, Surfaces, etc.)..."
          For more information see the IMPACT project or the UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage





        Laser Drilling


          LASER DRILLING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

            ORIFICE SIZING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

            ORIFICE SIZING CALCULATOR - LASER DRILLING (FOR GAS DRILLING TO FLOW RATE) - Lenox Laser, Glen Arm, MD VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
            Orifice Sizing Calculator INPUT Values include:
              Inlet Pressure
                "...PSIA; PSIG; Inches Mercury Absolute; Inches Water Absolute;
                Bar; Torr; Atmosphere or Kilopascals..."
              Outlet Pressure
                "...PSIA; PSIG; Inches Mercury Absolute; Inches Water Absolute;
                Bar; Torr; Atmosphere or Kilopascals..."
              Gas Type
                "...Air; Acetylene; Ammonia; Argon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide;
                Ethylene; Helium; Hexahydrocholric Acid; Hydrochloric Acid;
                Hydrogen; Methane; etc..."
              Temperature
                "...Farenheit; Celcius; Kelvin..."
              Flow Rate
                "...Standard Cubic Centimeters per Second, Minute or Hour;
                Standard Cubic Feet per Second, Minute or Hour;
                Standard Gallons per Second, Minute or Hour; etc..."
              Hole Units
                "...Microns or Inches..."
            For more information see Lenox Laser






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